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Matengo people
The Matengo are an ethnic and linguistic group based in Mbinga District,〔Kurosaki, p.20〕 Ruvuma Region in southern Tanzania.
In 1957, the population estimate was 57,000,〔Kurosaki, p. 21〕 while in 2010, the Matengo population was estimated to number 284,000. Their religious affiliation is to Christianity. Their Affinity Bloc is Sub-Saharan African. Their main language is Matengo,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Languages of Tanzania )〕 which is one of the Bantu languages.〔Kurosaki, p.19〕
==History==
The Matengo people are believed to have lived in the Matengo Highlands since the Iron Age.
The area in which they live was invaded by the Maseko Ngoni people of the Dedza district of Malawi prior to 1750.〔Kimambo, p. 188〕 This forced the Matengo people further into the mountainous areas around Litembo where many moved into caves.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Change and stability in the indigenous farming )〕 Many people moved in the northeastern part of the district into the woodland. During the pressure from the Ngoni people, the Matengo developed a hierarchy of power amongst their peoples, with a senior chief in charge of three local chiefs.〔 This system was strong during the colonial period until shortly before independence in 1961. In the late 1960s, a dramatic population increase amongst the Matengo peoples of the region led to food shortages, which had a direct impact upon the distribution of the people, with many moving to the eastern part of the district and forming new villages to farm the land seasonally.〔Kurosaki, p.22〕
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